Artículos
Pulneo: Prototipo móvil gamificado con detección acústica de ac-tividad respiratoria para fisioterapia domiciliaria
Resumen
La fisioterapia respiratoria domiciliaria requiere repetición y retroalimentación, pero muchas sesiones se realizan sin supervisión directa. Este artículo presenta Pulneo, un prototipo móvil gamificado que detecta localmente la actividad respiratoria mediante señales acústicas y la traduce en biorretroalimentación visual durante ejercicios guiados. El modelo se entrenó con 69 634 ventanas balanceadas: 34 817 de actividad respiratoria de 1061 sujetos sanos de Coswara y 34 817 negativas de 5 608 archivos de UrbanSound8K, con una partición 70/15/15 por grupos, sin solapamiento de sujetos ni de archivos. En 10 347 ventanas de prueba, el modelo TensorFlow Lite INT8 alcanzó 97,64 % de accuracy, 98,09 % de precisión, 97,18 % de recall, F1 de 97,63 % y ROC-AUC de 99,65 %. La cuantización redujo el modelo de 88 488 a 31 600 bytes (64,29 %) y mantuvo 99,55 % de concordancia con TFLite FP32. La aplicación interpreta la salida como P(respiración) y aplica un umbral calibrado en validación (P ≥ 0,29). Pulneo no distingue inspiración de exhalación ni ha sido validado clínicamente; los resultados respaldan su funcionamiento técnico, no su eficacia terapéutica. Un autor fisioterapeuta con maestría en terapia respiratoria realizó una revisión conceptual interna para delimitar el uso previsto, la interpretación de la biorretroalimentación y los requisitos de seguridad para futuras evaluaciones.
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