Caso práctico de localización óptima de centros logísticos para agro-productores

Abstract

In Latin America, a large part of agricultural production is carried out by small producers with low levels of modernization and lacking robust logistic processes, which limits the possibility of accessing large markets with competitive prices, affecting their economic growth and welfare possibilities. This research develops a model for the optimal location of facilities (agricultural warehouses) for agricultural producers, where product consolidation is achieved. The purpose is to reduce logistics and transportation costs by jointly exploiting economies of scale, considering the variability of some factors, and analyzing scenarios. Synergies between producers would increase access to large markets, facilitate consolidation processes and add value. A mixed-integer linear programming model was formulated, consisting of a network of shared multi-product, multi-customer, multi-period collection centers, with the option of direct trips or through the consolidating centers. The system is supported by a prototype web platform that will allow farmers greater participation and commercial negotiating power. The model was applied to small producers in the department of Atlántico, Colombia, and the results verified the benefits of the proposal. This study proved that agricultural warehouses generate potential economic benefits for the system. The main factors influencing the results are production levels, distance transported, and product quality.